Apart from the plant-derived hormones, several plant-associated microbes also synthesize these plant hormones, and it seems very influential on plant partners. Various other functions such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses and promotion of AM, the spatial and sequential regulation of plant hormones signaling during symbioses, which require sophisticated imaging tools. Such hormones have great contribution in nodulation along with both constructive, as well as damaging roles, which might be due to various influences of these hormones during infection and nodule organogenesis. Hormones like salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, cytokinin, gibberellin, etc., play a crucial role in the plant-microbe interactions. Plant hormones regulate several facets of growth and development of plants and also their responses to the environment. Joginder Singh, in Microbial Management of Plant Stresses, 2021 Abstract japonicum under environmental stresses as affected by plant hormones are presented.
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Some of the most important findings related to the behavior of the soybean and its symbiotic B. The important point about plant hormones is their interactions and cross talk, affecting their activity and efficiency in plants under different conditions, including environmental stresses. Soybean growth and activities, including the process of nodulation and biological N fixation with the N fixing bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum, are also regulated by plant hormones.
![plant hormones plant hormones](https://plantae.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/hormone-pathways.jpg)
If it is possible to regulate the activities of plant hormones under stress, the production of tolerant plant species will be more likely. A wide range of actions have been illustrated for plant hormones.
![plant hormones plant hormones](https://www.creative-proteomics.com/images/plant-hormones-1.jpg)
Plant functioning under stress is affected by plant hormones, which can help the plant to tolerate the environmental stresses. Plant hormones include auxin, abscisic acid, ethylene, gibberellins, cytokinins, salicylic acid, strigolactones, brassinosteroids, and nitrous (nitric) oxide. Plant hormones are among the most important biochemicals affecting plant growth and yield production under different conditions, including stress. Miransari, in Environmental Stresses in Soybean Production, 2016 Abstract